In the event of life-threatening extremity bleeding not controlled by pressure, what is the recommended action?

• A. Apply a splint
• B. Elevate and wait
• C. Use a plaster to seal wound
• D. Apply tourniquet high and tight above wound

Answer: (D)

When bleeding from a limb is life‑threatening and direct pressure isn’t stopping it, the priority is to stop arterial blood flow quickly. A tourniquet applied high and tight above the wound does exactly that by occluding the vessels that feed the limb, which can save a life in the critical moments after injury.

To do this effectively, place the tourniquet about 2 inches (5 cm) above the wound, avoiding joints, and tighten until the bleeding slows to a stop or the distal pulse can no longer be felt. Secure the tourniquet and note the time of application. Do not remove it until medical personnel take over. While waiting for help, keep the person calm, lying down, warm, and monitor for signs of shock.

Other actions like splinting, elevating the limb and waiting, or trying to seal the wound with plaster do not reliably control life‑threatening arterial bleeding and should not replace a tourniquet when bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure.